Near-real time GSI is done for sockeye salmon test fisheries in Bristol Bay, Alaska in the US and Johnstone Strait in Canada. Sampling fish fin clips and analyzing the stock composition as they near their natal river mouth allows managers to determine whether to close or open the districts for fishing throughout the season. However, this test fishery is not able to analyze samples where fish are caught, requiring significant effort to send samples back to the laboratory by either boat or plane. Once DNA samples are extracted from fin clips in the lab, it can take several days for the current “second-generation” GSI machines, about the size of a large office printer, to prepare the reference library, read it into the computer (“sequencing”) and analyze the genetic code. By the time the results are reported several days later, it is already old news. In addition, the current second-generation GSI machines, that can handle thousands of samples, do not analyze the small, widely variable samples that test fisheries and fieldwork provide.